Today the lesson focused on the academic writing skills, discussed the informal writing and formal writing respectively. Also including the cautious language which applying in the particular academic contexts.

To define the formal writing is often using passive verb forms. That means are the writer wants to focus on the result not a person or thing and often using impersonal pronouns, phrases, adverb to add detail in a passive form. Particular in use the vocabulary and rewrite the sentence in passive voice appropriately. 

Informal English contains contractions, hesitation fillers and a number of phrasal or prepositional verbs. It is active voice with conversational expressions.

Cautious language is frequently used in reporting research and making claims. It should be careful the definite statements. For example, Always / Never / Forever etc should not be use in academic writing. More appropriate language should be, it seems / it may / it would be / tend to / likely etc.

To sam up, academic style with appropriate vocabulary, structures and cautious language. Formal writing should be in passive verb forms.